public broadcasting in the united states quizlet

Consumer Inquiries and Complaints Division The first public radio network in the United States was founded in 1949 in Berkeley, California, as station KPFA, which became and remains the flagship station for a national network called Pacifica Radio. In addition to adopting rules, we establish broadcast regulatory policies through the individual cases that we decide, such as those involving license renewals, station sales, and complaints about violations of Commission rules. The fact that Americans strongly support minimal governmental interference with individuals' lives and properties illustrates their commitment to ________ is the most important core value of liberalism _________ is the core political value MOST highly prioritized by American conservatives Liberalism and conservatism are examples of. Information about how to activate the secondary audio is available from the customer service department of the TV manufacturer or from your subscription TV provider. This procedure is discussed earlier in this Manual. Obscene Material. Whenever we review an application whether to build a new station, modify or renew the license of an existing station or sell a station we must determine if granting the application would serve the public interest. . (In this context, the word "radio" covers both broadcast radio and television.) Additional information about the Commissions Offices and Bureaus, including their respective functions, can be found on our website by selecting Browse by Bureaus and Offices at https://www.fcc.gov/. Television broadcasting began as early as 1928, when the Federal Radio Commission authorized inventor Charles Jenkins to broadcast from W3XK, an experimental station in the Maryland suburbs of Washington, DC. Additional information concerning the EEO rules is available at https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/eeo-rules-and-policies-radio-and-broadcast-and-non-broadcast-tv. With respect to the display of Internet website addresses during childrens programming, the Commission permits them to be displayed during program material (in a crawl or scroll at the bottom of the screen, for example) only if the website: 1) offers a substantial amount of bona fide program-related or other noncommercial content; 2) is not primarily intended for commercial purposes, including either e-commerce or advertising; 3) the websites home page and other menu pages are clearly labeled to distinguish the noncommercial from the commercial sections; and 4) the page of the website to which viewers are directed by the website address is not used for e-commerce, advertising, or other commercial purposes (e.g., contains no links labeled store and no links to another page with commercial material). Additional information concerning this requirement can be found on the FCC's website at Accessibility of Emergency Information on Television. Individual stations, such as New Yorks WNYC and Chicagos WBEZ, produce nationally syndicated original journalism as well. Except as required by the Communications Act, including the use of stations by candidates for public office, licensees have no obligation to allow any particular person or group to participate in a broadcast or to present that person or groups remarks. Security prices in efficient markets remain steady as new information becomes available. Therefore, the FCC cannot prevent the broadcast of any particular point of view. Indecent material is protected by the First Amendment, so its broadcast cannot constitutionally be prohibited at all times. Despite its widespread availability, ________ typically reports on the narrowest range of topics and provides the least depth of news coverage Module 13: developmental issues, prenatal dev, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole, English Crimes and Punishments -2015-11-19-12, Spanish-American War, Progressive Movement. Lotteries conducted by a state acting under the authority of state law, when the advertisement or information is broadcast by a radio or TV station licensed to a location in that state or in any other state that conducts such a lottery; Gambling conducted by an Indian Tribe under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act; Lotteries authorized or not otherwise prohibited by the state in which they are conducted, and that are conducted by a not-for-profit organization or a governmental organization; and. Each commercial television licensee is required to prepare a Childrens Television Programming Report (FCC Form 2100-H) identifying its Core Programming. Closed Captioning. Records Concerning Children's Programming Commercial Limits For additional information about the sponsorship identification and payola rules, see https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/fccs-payola-rules. We license only individual broadcast stations. (Licensees were formerly required to file an EEO mid-term report -- FCC Form 397 -- at the mid-point of the license term, but that requirement was eliminated in 2019. Which of the following is an example of a public broadcasting organization? What does public broadcasting mean? A PDF version of this document is available HERE. The Commission has defined this program matter to include language that is both so grossly offensive to members of the public who actually hear it as to amount to a nuisance and is sexual or excretory in nature or derived from such terms. Every three years, commercial TV stations must decide whether their relationship with each local cable system and satellite carrier that offers local service will be governed by must-carry or by retransmission consent agreements. ), The top 20 NPR-affiliated public radio stations (by listenership) had on average a total weekly listenership of about 9 million in 2020, down 9% from 2019. Still Fighting. It was foreseeable that broadcasting the false information would cause such harm. Which of the following is a good example of a media monopoly? Stations are not required to resolve interference complaints involving the following: For complaints from parties located within the stations blanketing contour involving non-mobile television or radio receivers, a station must resolve the interference complaint at no cost to the complaining party if the party notifies the station of the problem during the first year that the station operates its new or modified facilities. It is an information and education tool, accessible to all and meant for all, whatever their social or economic status. Television, radio, and digital media that receive partial funding from license fees and government subsidies is known as public broadcasting. Jazz is another traditional, but declining, public radio programming staple. In addition, effective technical assistance also includes recommending replacement equipment that would work better in high radio frequency fields. The First Amendment and the Communications Act expressly prohibit the Commission from censoring broadcast matter. The annual EEO public file report must also be posted on a stations website, if one exists. The emergency information may be closed captioned or presented through an alternative method of visual presentation. Renewal applications are due on a staggered basis depending upon the state in which the station is licensed. The trend in concentration of traditional media ownership occurred in large part due to the relaxation of government regulations in the 1980's and the 1990's. Applications for License Renewal The FCC was vested with broader regulatory authority that included all radiotelephone activity, including the newly developing broadcast media FM radio and television, and added interstate telegraph and telephone communication (which had previously been under the control of the Interstate Commerce Commission) and wire and wireless common carrier Frequencies used for broadcasting were to be held by the government, not owned by licensees. Licensees also have broad discretion regarding commercials, with the exception of those for political candidates during an election, and the limitations on advertisements aired during childrens programming. WTTW How Hip Hop Changed the World Fight the Power Hip Hop is adopted as the voice of protest around the world. Audio description is provided through the TV or set-top box secondary audio feature, which some TV controls identify as SAP or secondary audio program. Your TV user manual may provide information about activating the secondary audio feature. In 2016, the Commission continued its modernization effort by requiring that broadcast radio licensees also post their public file documents to the FCC-hosted online public file. Political File (73.3526(e)(6), 73.3527(e)(5)) (retain for two years). Business Practices, Advertising Rates, and Profits Which media content is regulated by the Federal Communications Commission FCC )? Educational and Informational Programming How the FCC Adopts Rules. Information and translations of public broadcasting in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Programming Inciting "Imminent Lawless Action" (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. Bernie Sanders is best described as a _________, while Rand Paul is best described as a ________. Instead, we usually defer to the parties, courts, or other agencies to resolve these disputes. Once its application has been granted, the applicant is issued a construction permit that authorizes it to build the station within a specified period of time, usually three years. Material terms, include those factors that define the operation of the contest and affect participation, such as entry deadlines, the prizes that can be won, and how winners will be selected. Display of Internet Website Addresses Depending on the nature of the advertisement, you should contact these agencies regarding those you believe may be false or misleading. (Traditional radio listening is terrestrial, i.e., coming from radio broadcast towers rather than satellites or the internet.) Hoaxes Station licensees, as the trustees of the publics airwaves, must use the broadcast medium to serve the public interest. In recognition of the vital role that broadcasting plays in the electoral process, the Communications Act and the Commissions rules impose specific obligations on broadcasters regarding political advertising. The amount of cash in the petty cash fund is now $294\$294$294. American public broadcasting is not a unified structure, but an ad hoc assemblage of stations united both by the fluctuating patronage of the institutions that . This disclosure requirement also applies to the broadcast of musical selections for consideration (so-called payola) and the airing of certain video news releases. They require all stations that employ five or more full-time employees (defined as those regularly working 30 hours a week or more) to: Each licensee with five or more full-time employees must maintain records of its recruitment efforts and create and place in its public file (https://publicfiles.fcc.gov) an annual public file report listing specified information about its recruitment efforts. Email: tvinfo@fcc.gov. When racial segregation in schools is the result of hundreds of thousands of housing choices made by individuals and families rather than the result of law, it is referred to as delayed desegregation efforts by authorizing school districts to place each pupil in a school according to a variety of academic, personal, and psychological considerations. Subliminal programming is designed to be perceived on a subconscious level only. Networks, broadcasters, and subscription TV systems may provide information about the availability of programs with audio description through their websites and in program guides. It is the world's oldest listener-supported radio network. It directs us to base our broadcast licensing decisions on whether those actions will serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity. All EEO forms are electronically filed and are available for public review either in the FCCs online public file at https://publicfiles.fcc.gov, or in CDBS, the FCCs access database for radio at https://licensing.fcc.gov/prod/cdbs/pubacc/prod/eeo_search.htm or in LMS, the FCCs access database for television at https:/enterpriseefiling.fcc.gov/dataentry/public/tv/lmsDatabase.html. If your concerns are not resolved, with the exception of complaints about obscene, indecent, or profane programming, which should be submitted in the manner described previously -- and complaints about blanketing interference discussed earlier -- the best way to provide all the information the FCC needs to process your complaint about other broadcast matters is to fully complete an on-line complaint at https://consumercomplaints.fcc.gov/hc/en-us. Applications to Build New Stations; Length of License Period Instructions for filing informal objections can be found at https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/filing-informal-complaint. The Public and Broadcasting Manual Children's Television Programming Reports Citizen Agreements Political File Material Relating to an FCC Investigation or Complaint Issues/Programs Lists Donor Lists for Non-Commercial Educational Channels ("NCEs") Records Concerning Children's Programming Commercial Limits Local Public Notice Announcements Of particular concern would be evidence of the direction to employees from station management to falsify the news. Virtually all licensees and permittees of TV and radio stations and applicants for new broadcast stations are required to maintain records that must be made available for public inspection. How the FCC Adopts Rules Employment Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity ("EEO") More information on the recording of telephone conversations can be found at https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/recording-telephone-conversations. All the major broadcast networks and most of the major cable networks encode their programming with this ratings information to work with the V-Chip. an economics professor providing testimony to a congressional committee on the effect of tariffs. there is a division of opinion among conservatives, with pro-business conservatives accepting immigration and social conservatives strongly opposing immigration to the United States. However, if you believe that an advertisement is offensive because of the nature of the item advertised, the scheduling of the announcement, or the way the message is presented, you should consider addressing your complaint directly to the station or network involved, providing the date and time of the broadcast and the product or advertiser in question. Golden Age of American radio, period lasting roughly from 1930 through the 1940s, when the medium of commercial broadcast radio grew into the fabric of daily life in the United States, providing news and entertainment to a country struggling with economic depression and war. Manufacturers of apparatus must provide a simple and easy to use mechanism for activating the secondary audio stream, such as a button or icon. However, religious stations are permitted to require that some or all of their employees meet a religious qualification. Accessible User InterfacesBusiness Practices and Advertising High-minded anxieties did little to thwart the public's embrace of broadcasting. Thus, if emergency information is provided aurally, such information also must be provided in a visual format for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing. Contents of the File. All full-power television stations have operated in digital mode since 2009. In response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875, the Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination rather than state of discrimination. However, these acknowledgements may not interrupt the station's regular programming. President ______ appointed the first President's Commission on Civil Rights in ______. However, the courts have upheld Congress' prohibition of the broadcast of indecent material during times of the day when there is a reasonable risk that children may be in the audience, which the Commission has determined to be between the hours of 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. Indecent programming is defined as language or material that, in context, depicts or describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards for the broadcast medium, sexual or excretory organs or activities. Broadcasts that fall within this definition and are aired between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. may be subject to enforcement action by the FCC. The FCC requires all licensees of radio and TV stations afford equal opportunity in employment. The "peculiar institution" was a phrase used by southerners describe What was the result of the Compromise of 1877? To assist us in this evaluative process, a station licensee must file a renewal application (FCC Form 303-S), to tell us whether: Digital Television. Pacifica runs other stations in Los Angeles, New York City, Washington, D.C. and Houston, as well as repeater stations and a large network of affiliates. If your question relates to both a radio and a television station or is general in nature, you can contact either specialist. Closed captioning is a technology designed to provide access to television programming by persons with hearing disabilities by displaying, in text form, the audio portion of a broadcast, as well as descriptions of background noise and sound effects. Public broadcasting refers to any television, radio, and digital media that receives funding from the public through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars. On the radio side, organizations such as NPR and Public Radio Exchange (PRX) produce and distribute programming, reaching audiences through local stations as well as digital channels. Unlike the mandatory digital transition deadline for television stations, radio stations can continue to operate in analog and have discretion whether also to transmit in digital and, if so, when to begin operating digitally. Some of the funding comes from community support to hundreds of public radio and public television stations, each of which is an individual entity licensed to one of several different non-profit organizations, municipal or state governments, or universities. At the close of this period, the licensee must renew its stations license. Until the fall of 1948, regularly scheduled programming on the four networksthe American Broadcasting Company (ABC), the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS; later CBS Corporation ), the National Broadcasting Co. (NBC), and the DuMont Television Network, which folded in 1955was scarce. More information about the Commissions childrens television requirements can be viewed at https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/childrens-educational-television, and https://www.fcc.gov/media/television/childrens-educational-television-reporting-form-2100-schedule-h. Station-Conducted Contests. Commercial stations usually support themselves through the sale of advertising. Such underwriting may only issue declarative statements (including slogans) and may not include "calls to action" (i.e., the station cannot give out prices, comparative statements, or anything that would persuade the listener to patronize the sponsor). Through its review of television broadcast license renewal applications, the Commission must consider whether television licensees have served the educational and informational needs of children through the licensees overall programming, including programming specifically designed to serve such needs.. Profane Material. Login . Subliminal ProgrammingBlanketing Interference The station conducting the contest must disclose material terms either through periodic disclosures broadcast on the station, or written disclosures on the stations Internet website, the licensees website, or if neither the individual station nor the licensee has its own website, any Internet website that is publicly accessible. Please include your name and address if you would like information on the final disposition of your complaint; you may request confidentiality. Some stations also derive a portion of their funding from federal, state and local governments and government-funded colleges and universities, in addition to receiving free use of the public radio spectrum. Explain the difference between compliance and conformity. When it launched in October 1970, PBS assumed many of the functions of its predecessor, National Educational Television (NET). Contest descriptions may not be false, misleading, or deceptive with respect to any material term. As with DTV, digital radio substantially improves the quality of the radio signal and allows a station to offer multicasting over several programming streams, as well as certain enhanced services. We also prohibit employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. This fact sheet was compiled by Senior Researcher Michael Barthel and Research Assistant Kirsten Worden. In classical political theory, a liberal was closest to what we refer to as today an expansion in governmental social services. We also do not review anyones qualifications to gather, edit, announce, or comment on the news. 833683368336 is issued to replenish the fund, based on the following summary of petty cash receipts: office supplies, $295\$295$295; miscellaneous selling expense, $120\$120$120; miscellaneous administrative expense, $75\$75$75. Introduction As noted earlier, the rules governing broadcast stations are generally found in Part 73 of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The V-Chip and TV Program Ratings The NPR News app, which offers livestreams from individual stations and digital content, increased sharply in completed sessions among iPhone users. Engage in general outreach activities every two years, such as job fairs, internships, and other community events. Also included is a brief description of each item, but the description should not be relied upon in place of the underlying rules description of that item. although completely objective reporting is unattainable because people inevitably have biases that shape their understanding of events, journalists attempt to be objective by reporting both sides of a story. blue cross blue shield mammogram coverage,